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Labor Management and Work Safety (Common)

Agriculture (SSW 2) · 農業(2号) · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Fundamentals of Site Management (PDCA, 5S, KYT, Near-Misses)

Agricultural site leaders apply the PDCA cycle—Plan, Do, Check, and Act—to continuously improve work workflows and safety management.

The 5S workplace activities are Seiri (Sort: discard unneeded items), Seiton (Set in order: place needed items in designated spots), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu (Standardize), and Shitsuke (Sustain).

Before starting work, teams conduct Hazard Prediction Training (KYT) and share near-miss incidents (Hiyari-hatto) to prevent serious occupational accidents before they occur.

Key points


  • The PDCA cycle follows the sequence: Plan (P) -> Do (D) -> Check (C) -> Act (A).

  • Seiri means disposing of unnecessary items, while Seiton means arranging necessary items for easy retrieval.

  • Use near-miss reporting (Hiyari-hatto) and KYT to eliminate hazards at an early stage.
WordMeaning
process / workflow management
hazard prediction training (KYT)
occupational accident
habituation / discipline

Industrial Safety and Health Act and Worker Safety Instruction

Under the Industrial Safety and Health Act, employers must provide safety and health education without delay when hiring new workers or changing job assignments.

Operating forklifts or wheel loaders and performing slinging work (rigging) require statutory qualifications such as completion of skill training courses or special education.

When teaching new tasks, demonstrate the work, explain the reasons, and observe the worker practicing. To prevent lower back pain, hold heavy loads close to the body, bend the knees, lower the hips, and lift with the legs.

Key points


  • Safety and health education must be provided upon hiring and whenever work duties change.

  • Statutory qualifications (skill training or special education) are mandatory for operating forklifts and wheel loaders.

  • Lift heavy objects by keeping the load close to the body, bending the knees, lowering the hips, and using leg strength.
WordMeaning
safety and health education
skill training course
special safety education
lower back pain prevention

Preventing Accidents with Farm Machinery and Orchard Ladders

On a tractor, keep the safety frame (ROPS) upright, fasten the seatbelt, and always lock the left and right independent brake pedals together with the connecting latch when traveling on roads.

Always stop the engine before clearing jams or inspecting machinery. When loading onto a truck, secure the loading ramps (at an angle of 15 degrees or less) on level ground and never steer on the ramps.

Keep bystanders at least 15 m away when operating a brush cutter, sweeping from right to left using the front-left sector of the blade. On tripod orchard ladders, lock the spreader brace and never stand on the top cap.

Preventing Accidents with Farm Machinery and Orchard Ladders

Key points


  • Keep the tractor ROPS upright, wear the seatbelt, and latch the left and right brake pedals together when traveling.

  • Stop the engine before clearing jams; travel with a wheel loader's bucket lowered 30–40 cm above the ground.

  • Maintain a 15 m exclusion zone around brush cutters, and lock ladder spreaders without standing on the top step.
WordMeaning
safety frame (ROPS)
brake pedal interlocking latch
loading ramp / board
brush cutter

Heatstroke Prevention, Confined Spaces, and Safe Livestock Handling

In hot and humid conditions, monitor the WBGT heat index and replenish water and salt regularly before feeling thirsty. If heatstroke is suspected, move the person to a cool shaded area and cool the neck, armpits, and groin.

Tower silos and slurry pits pose severe risks of oxygen deficiency and hydrogen sulfide poisoning; always ventilate thoroughly, measure gas and oxygen levels beforehand, and work with multiple people.

Never approach cattle suddenly from behind (their blind spot); speak calmingly and approach at a front angle. Never wrap lead ropes around your hand or waist, restrain cattle securely in a chute/stanchion during procedures, and wash hands to prevent zoonoses.

Key points


  • Monitor WBGT, take regular water and salt breaks, and cool the neck, armpits, and groin if heatstroke occurs.

  • Always ventilate and test oxygen/toxic gas levels before entering silos or slurry pits, and never work alone.

  • Never wrap a lead rope around your hand or waist when leading cattle, and use proper restraint frames during treatment.
WordMeaning
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)
oxygen deficiency
animal restraint
zoonosis

Labor Management and Farm Safety

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