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Civil Engineering Safety, Health, Disaster Prevention & Environmental Protection (Type 2 Practical)

Construction (SSW 2) · 建設分野(2号) · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Fall & Collapse Prevention in Excavation, Shoring, Slope & High-Elevation Work

Operations chiefs must be appointed for ground excavation and shoring assembly/dismantling, and ground cracks, seepage, and strut looseness must be inspected after heavy rain or earthquakes.

Guardrails (>= 85 cm high), mid-rails, and toeboards must be installed at platform edges >= 2 m high, and full-body harnesses must be attached to lifelines via rope grabs on slopes >= 5 m high.

For access into excavations deeper than 1.5 m, workers must not climb on sheet piles or struts; dedicated safe access facilities (stairs or secured ladders) must be provided.

Fall & Collapse Prevention in Excavation, Shoring, Slope & High-Elevation Work

Key points


  • Attach the full-body harness hook above waist level to minimize fall distance, and verify sufficient clearance below the worker for shock absorber deployment.

  • Before working at the toe of a slope or excavation face, remove loose rocks from the top down and strictly prohibit simultaneous upper-and-lower vertical work.

  • Keep heavy machinery and excavated soil piles well back from the excavation edge (shoulder) to prevent surcharge-induced edge collapse.
WordMeaning
Operations chief for ground excavation and shoring
Full-body harness fall arrest equipment
Main lifeline & Rope grab fall arrester (Rorip)
Scaling loose rock & Prohibition of simultaneous vertical work

Collision & Tip-Over Prevention in Construction Machinery, Crane & Rigging Work

Barricade the operating/swing radius of vehicle-type construction machinery to prohibit entry, and station a signaler in clear view of the operator to give unambiguous signals.

Mobile cranes must have outriggers extended to their maximum width on steel plates over firm level ground, strictly observing the rated load for the working radius and overload limiter.

In rigging work, keep the sling angle within 60 degrees, verify the hook safety latch, and perform a 'lift-off check (stopping briefly just above the ground)' to confirm load balance.

Key points


  • Before leaving the operator's seat, always lower the bucket or attachment to the ground, set the parking brake, and shut off the engine.

  • Using an excavator for non-intended lifting (hooking wire ropes onto bucket teeth) is prohibited; always use the dedicated hook of a crane-equipped excavator.

  • Suspend crane operations during strong winds (10-minute average wind speed >= 10 m/s), and never allow anyone under a suspended load.
WordMeaning
Maximum outrigger extension & Steel ground plates
Rated load capacity & Working radius
Sling angle within 60 degrees & Lift-off balance check
Prohibition of unintended machine use & Signaler

Underground Utility & Overhead Line Protection and Oxygen Deficiency / Toxic Gas Safety

Before road excavation, check utility records and perform 'manual trial digging (test pitting)' to visually locate gas, water, and power lines, supporting exposed pipes with hanging or cradling protection.

When operating cranes or excavators near overhead power lines, install insulating protective sleeves on the lines, maintain safe clearance distances, and assign a dedicated spotter.

Before entering confined spaces like manholes, pits, or tunnels, use a multi-gas detector to verify oxygen >= 18% and hydrogen sulfide <= 10 ppm, maintaining continuous ventilation during work.

Key points


  • Within close proximity (e.g., 50 cm) of buried utilities or once warning tape/protection plates appear, stop machine digging and excavate carefully by hand with a shovel.

  • If a gas pipe is accidentally damaged and leaking, immediately shut off all engines and ignition sources, evacuate upwind, and notify the gas utility and fire department.

  • If a worker collapses in an oxygen-deficient space, never enter to rescue them without wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or airline respirator, to prevent secondary fatalities.
WordMeaning
Trial digging (manual verification) & Hanging pipe protection
Overhead line insulating sleeve & Safe clearance distance
Oxygen deficiency (< 18%) & Hydrogen sulfide (> 10 ppm)
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) & Airline mask

Risk Assessment, KY Activities, Occupational Health & Environmental Protection

Before starting work each day, conduct KY (hazard prediction) activities and risk assessments to identify unsafe conditions and unsafe acts and share concrete countermeasures with all workers.

For summer heatstroke prevention, monitor the WBGT index and replenish water and salt frequently; limit handheld vibrating tool use to <= 2 hours/day and <= 30 minutes continuously.

Highly alkaline concrete cutting wastewater must undergo neutralization and sedimentation before discharge, and construction waste must be sorted and tracked using industrial waste manifests.

Risk Assessment, KY Activities, Occupational Health & Environmental Protection

Key points


  • Heinrich's Law: Behind 1 major injury lie 29 minor injuries and 300 near-misses (Hiyari-Hatto); eliminating near-misses prevents serious accidents.

  • During concrete chipping, cutting, or tunneling, wear government-certified dust respirators and apply water spraying to prevent pneumoconiosis.

  • In specified construction work, use low-noise and low-vibration machinery, install soundproof sheets, and observe nighttime and holiday work restrictions.
WordMeaning
Risk assessment & KY (hazard prediction) activity
WBGT heat stress index & Vibration disorder prevention
Neutralization treatment of alkaline wastewater
Industrial waste management manifest

Civil Engineering Safety

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