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Lifeline & Equipment Tools, Materials, Measuring Instruments & Drawings (Type 2 Practical)

Construction (SSW 2) · 建設分野(2号) · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Specialized Tools & Processing Machines for Piping, Ducts, Electrical & Telecom Work

Powered pipe threading machines cut steel pipes, ream internal burrs, and cut tapered external threads while applying generous cutting oil.

For refrigerant copper tubing, tube cutters make clean cuts, flaring tools form bell-shaped ends, tube benders prevent kinking, and torque wrenches tighten flare nuts to specified torque.

In electrical work, cable strippers remove insulation, and crimping pliers for ring sleeves (yellow handles) or bare crimp terminals (red handles) are matched to the proper die size.

Specialized Tools & Processing Machines for Piping, Ducts, Electrical & Telecom Work

Key points


  • Pipe wrenches and chain tongs are for steel pipes; use belt (strap) wrenches on PVC, copper, or chrome-plated pipes to prevent surface damage.

  • In electrofusion (EF) joining of polyethylene pipes, peel the oxidized surface layer with a dedicated scraper and hold the joint in alignment clamps during fusion and cooling.

  • In optical fiber fusion splicing, fiber holders, precision cleavers, and fusion splicers cleave the glass fiber to a mirror finish and fuse the cores together.
WordMeaning
Powered pipe threading machine & Pipe reamer
Flaring tool & Torque wrench
Hand crimping pliers & Hydraulic crimping tool
Electrofusion (EF) controller & Pipe scraper

Selection of Pipe Materials, Fittings, Valves, Cables & Thermal Insulation

Depending on water supply, drainage, gas, or fire protection needs, select rigid PVC pipes (VP/VU), heat-resistant PVC (HT), polyethylene (PE), ductile cast iron (DCIP), or stainless steel pipes.

Valves are selected by function: 'gate valves' for full open/close isolation, 'globe valves' for flow throttling/regulation, and 'check valves' to prevent backflow.

Power cables include flat VVF cables for indoor wiring and cross-linked polyethylene CV cables (90°C rating); glass wool or foamed polyethylene insulation prevents condensation and heat loss.

Key points


  • Thick-walled VP pipes are used for pressurized water supply or outdoor drainage, thin-walled VU pipes for non-pressure drainage/venting, and brown HT pipes for hot water up to 90°C.

  • Earthquake-resistant ductile iron water mains (GX/NS types) prevent joint pull-out during earthquakes through flexible expansion/deflection joints and locking rings.

  • Directly connecting dissimilar metal pipes (e.g., steel to copper or stainless steel) causes galvanic corrosion, so dielectric (insulating) fittings must be installed between them.
WordMeaning
Rigid PVC pipe (VP/VU) & Heat-resistant PVC pipe (HT)
Earthquake-resistant ductile iron pipe (GX/NS joint)
Gate valve, Globe valve & Check valve
Dielectric fitting & Galvanic corrosion

Testing & Measuring Instruments (Hydrostatic, Airtightness, Insulation, Grounding, Airflow, Optical)

Water supply hydrostatic tests use a test pump and pressure gauge; gas pipe airtightness tests use a recording pressure gauge or manometer; drainage pipes undergo water-filling and flow tests.

Electrical testing uses an 'insulation resistance tester (Megger)' to check leakage to ground, an 'earth resistance tester' for grounding resistance, and a 'clamp meter' to measure current without breaking the circuit.

HVAC airflow testing uses hot-wire anemometers and airflow capture hoods, while optical fiber loss and fault location use optical power meters and OTDRs.

Key points


  • Refrigerant piping airtightness tests must use dry nitrogen gas, and vacuum drying uses a vacuum pump and manifold gauge (pressurizing with oxygen or flammable gas is strictly prohibited due to explosion risk).

  • Because an insulation resistance tester (Megger) applies high DC voltage, turn off the breaker and isolate sensitive electronics before testing.

  • To prevent reverse rotation of three-phase induction motors, verify correct R-S-T phase sequence using a 'phase rotation tester' before energizing.
WordMeaning
Hydrostatic test pump, Manifold gauge & Vacuum pump
Insulation resistance tester (Megger) & Earth resistance tester
Clamp meter, Phase rotation tester & Voltage detector
Optical power meter & OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer)

Equipment Shop Drawings, Isometric Drawings, Single-Line Diagrams & JIS Symbols

In MEP installation, a 'combined coordination shop drawing' overlays piping, ducts, and cable trays in ceiling spaces and shafts to resolve clashes and adjust elevations beforehand.

An 'isometric drawing' depicts piping runs, bends, and fittings in 3D perspective, whereas a 'longitudinal profile drawing' shows burial depth (earth cover), slope, and utility crossings along a pipeline route.

Accurately read drawing notations such as BOP (Bottom of Pipe), COP (Center of Pipe), TOP (Top of Pipe), sleeve symbols, drainage slopes (e.g., 1/100), and JIS valve and electrical symbols.

Equipment Shop Drawings, Isometric Drawings, Single-Line Diagrams & JIS Symbols

Key points


  • Horizontal drainage branches are grade-controlled by Bottom of Pipe (BOP), and Fire Dampers (FD) must be installed where ducts penetrate fire compartment walls.

  • In indoor wiring symbols, a solid black circle (●) denotes a switch, and grounded outlets include letters such as 'E' (earth pole) or 'ET' (earth terminal).

  • Pipe and duct sleeves penetrating structural beams or walls must be accurately positioned and secured with reinforcing bars before concrete placement.
WordMeaning
Combined coordination shop drawing & Isometric 3D drawing
Bottom of Pipe (BOP), Center of Pipe (COP) & Top of Pipe (TOP)
Fire damper (FD) & Penetration sleeve
Single-line diagram & Multi-line wiring diagram

Tools, Machines, Materials and Instruments (Lifeline)

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Official references