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Lifeline & Equipment Construction Methods, Schedule & Quality Control (Type 2 Practical)

Construction (SSW 2) · 建設分野(2号) · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Installation of Plumbing, Sanitary Piping & Underground Lifelines (Water, Gas, Sewer)

In water supply piping, cross-connections with non-potable lines are strictly prohibited to prevent contamination; air gaps and backflow preventers (check valves) must be installed.

Gravity horizontal drainage pipes require proper downward pitch (typically 1/50 for <= 75 mm pipes, 1/100 for >= 100 mm pipes), drainage traps with 50-100 mm water seal depth, and vent pipes.

When burying underground water or gas mains, place sand bedding beneath the pipe to prevent rock damage, lay underground warning tape midway above the pipe crown, and maintain required earth cover.

Installation of Plumbing, Sanitary Piping & Underground Lifelines (Water, Gas, Sewer)

Key points


  • At drainage junctions and bends, use long-sweep elbows and 45-degree wyes (Y-fittings) instead of sharp 90-degree elbows to ensure smooth flow and prevent clogging.

  • For PVC solvent cement joints (TS fittings), chamfer and clean the pipe end, mark insertion depth, apply cement thinly, push straight in without twisting, and hold firmly.

  • At bends, tees, and dead ends of pressurized buried pipelines, install concrete thrust blocks or restrained joints to prevent internal water pressure from pushing joints apart.
WordMeaning
Prohibition of cross-connection & Air gap
Water seal (50-100 mm) & Vent pipe
Underground warning tape & Sand bedding cushion
Long-sweep elbow & Thrust block protection

Procedures for HVAC, Refrigerant Piping, Ventilation Ducts & Thermal Insulation

Refrigerant copper tubes must have their ends taped against moisture and dust during installation; after flare connection, perform a 'nitrogen airtightness test' and 'vacuum pump evacuation'.

Air conditioner condensate drain pipes must maintain a continuous downward slope without any upward loops (high traps), be wrapped in thermal insulation, and undergo a water flow test.

HVAC ducts are joined airtight with gasketed flanges, and flexible 'canvas joints' are installed between the fan and ductwork to isolate fan vibration.

Key points


  • When brazing refrigerant copper pipes, purge the inside of the pipe with low-pressure nitrogen gas (nitrogen purging) to prevent internal oxide scale formation.

  • On chilled water and refrigerant pipes, seal the vapor barrier tightly without gaps to prevent condensation, and insulate the liquid line and gas line separately.

  • Fill the gap around Fire Dampers (FD) penetrating fire walls with mortar and provide a ceiling access hatch for inspecting and replacing thermal fuses.
WordMeaning
Nitrogen-purged brazing & Vacuum evacuation
Downward drain slope & Prohibition of upward high-loop piping
Flexible canvas duct connector & Anti-vibration rubber mount
Vapor barrier layer & Anti-condensation insulation

Installation of Electrical Wiring, Conduits, Grounding & Optical Telecom Cables

Wire splices must always be made inside outlet boxes or pull boxes; electrical technical standards strictly prohibit placing wire splices inside conduits.

In a single-phase 100V circuit, the ungrounded live wire (black) connects to the single-pole switch, while the grounded neutral wire (white, W) connects directly to the load and the outlet W terminal.

Metal conduits, boxes, and equipment enclosures must be bonded and grounded with a green ground wire (Class D grounding <= 100 ohms) to prevent electric shock from leakage.

Key points


  • Always install an insulating bushing on the cut end of a metal conduit to protect wire insulation from being abraded during cable pulling.

  • Keep LAN (UTP) and communication cables separated from power cables—or divided by a metal separator—to prevent electromagnetic interference (noise).

  • When pulling optical fiber cables, strictly observe the minimum bend radius (10-20 times outer diameter) and maximum pulling tension to prevent fiber micro-bending or breakage.
WordMeaning
Grounded neutral wire (White: W) & Ungrounded live wire (Black)
Insulating bushing & Bonding jumper wire
Class D grounding work (<= 100 ohms) & Earth leakage circuit breaker
Minimum allowable bend radius of optical fiber

Pipe Supports, Seismic Bracing, Firestop Penetrations & Commissioning Adjustments

Piping, ducts, and cable racks suspended by threaded rods require diagonal 'seismic bracing' with angle steel at specified intervals to prevent lateral swaying and collapse during earthquakes.

Gaps where pipes or cables penetrate fire-rated walls or floors must be sealed with rock wool and intumescent firestop putty so smoke and flames cannot spread between compartments.

During post-installation commissioning, flush piping to remove debris, clean strainer screens, and verify motor rotation direction, operating current, airflow/water flow rates, and leak-free operation.

Pipe Supports, Seismic Bracing, Firestop Penetrations & Commissioning Adjustments

Key points


  • When supporting chilled water or refrigerant pipes, never clamp metal hangers directly to the bare pipe (which creates a thermal bridge and condensation); support outside high-density insulation blocks.

  • Hot water and steam pipes expand and contract with temperature changes, requiring expansion joints along with fixed anchor points and alignment guides.

  • Install flexible joints where piping crosses building expansion joints or enters from underground to absorb differential settlement and seismic displacement.
WordMeaning
Seismic bracing (sway brace) & Hanger rod
Firestop penetration sealing (Fire-resistant putty)
Pipe flushing & Strainer screen cleaning
Expansion joint & Flexible joint

Lifeline and Equipment Work Methods

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Official references