VIENID Start practicing

Home › Lessons › Industrial Manufacturing - Machinery and Electronics

Electrical and Electronic Assembly

Industrial Manufacturing - Machinery and Electronics · 製造分野 · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Ohm's Law, Power Consumption, and Current Unit Conversion

According to Ohm's law, Voltage V (V) = Current I (A) × Resistance R (Ω).

For example, when resistance is 10 Ω and current is 2 A, the voltage is 10 × 2 = 20 V.

Power consumption P (W) equals Voltage V (V) × Current I (A); a device drawing 2 A from a 100 V supply consumes 100 × 2 = 200 W.

For electric current units, 1 A = 1000 mA (milliamperes), so 250 mA equals 0.25 A (not 2.5 A).

Key points


  • (○ True) By Ohm's law, a 10 Ω resistor carrying a 2 A current has a voltage of 10 × 2 = 20 V.

  • (○ True) A device connected to a 100 V power supply drawing 2 A consumes 100 × 2 = 200 W of power.

  • (× False) Converting 250 mA to '2.5 A' is FALSE (since 1 A = 1000 mA, 250 mA equals 0.25 A).
WordMeaning
Ohm's law
voltage (V)
electric current (A)
electrical resistance (Ω)
power consumption (W)

Series & Parallel Resistors and Resistor Color Codes

When resistors are connected in series, total resistance is their sum: a 10 Ω resistor and a 20 Ω resistor in series equal 30 Ω.

When two equal resistors are connected in parallel, total resistance is halved: two 20 Ω resistors in parallel equal 10 Ω.

In resistor color codes, Black = 0, Brown = 1, Red = 2, Orange = 3, and the third band represents the multiplier (power of 10).

When the color bands read 'Brown - Black - Red', combine 1 (Brown) and 0 (Black) and multiply by 10² = 100 (Red) to get 1000 Ω = 1 kΩ.

Key points


  • (○ True) Connecting 10 Ω and 20 Ω resistors in series gives a combined resistance of 30 Ω.

  • (○ True) Connecting two 20 Ω resistors in parallel gives half the value, or 10 Ω.

  • (○ True) A resistor with color bands 'Brown (1) - Black (0) - Red (×10²)' has a resistance of 1 kΩ (1000 Ω).
WordMeaning
series connection
parallel connection
combined (equivalent) resistance
resistor
color code

Proper Use of a Multimeter (Tester)

When measuring battery or circuit voltage with a multimeter, set it to the voltage range and touch the test leads in parallel.

Touching test leads directly across a battery while set to the current range causes a dangerous short circuit and damages the meter.

When measuring resistance in a circuit, always turn off the circuit power so no current is flowing.

For a continuity check (buzzer test) to check for broken wires, turn off the power and touch both ends of the cable; a beep indicates continuity.

Key points


  • (× False) Measuring battery voltage by setting the multimeter to the 'current range' and touching both battery terminals is FALSE.

  • (× False) Measuring resistance in a circuit while the power is on and current is flowing is FALSE (always turn off the power first).

  • (○ True) For a continuity check, turn off the power and touch the test leads to both ends of the cable; if the buzzer sounds, there is continuity.
WordMeaning
multimeter (tester)
test leads (probes)
continuity check
broken wire (disconnection)

PCB Component Mounting and Soldering

Components with leads inserted through PCB holes are 'through-hole components', while small chip parts soldered directly onto the surface are 'surface-mount devices (SMDs)'.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have voltage ratings and polarity (+ and -), so mount them in the correct orientation.

A good solder joint spreads smoothly in a Mt. Fuji (cone) shape, and flux removes oxide film from metal surfaces to improve wetting.

A soldering defect where solder accidentally connects adjacent pads of different traces is called a 'solder bridge'.

PCB Component Mounting and Soldering

Key points


  • (× False) Calling small chip components soldered directly onto the PCB surface without holes 'through-hole components' is FALSE (they are surface-mount components).

  • (○ True) Mount aluminum electrolytic capacitors with correct polarity (+ and -), and form smooth Mt. Fuji-shaped solder joints.

  • (× False) Saying flux electrically insulates joints or calling bridged solder between adjacent pads a 'missing part' is FALSE (flux removes oxide film; connected pads are a solder bridge).
WordMeaning
printed circuit board (PCB)
surface-mount component (SMD)
polarity (+ and -)
flux
oxide film

ESD Protection, Crimp Terminals, Torque Wrenches, and Electrical Safety

To protect electronic parts from electrostatic discharge (ESD), wear a grounded wrist strap and store parts in antistatic bags.

When attaching a crimp terminal to a wire, strip the insulation to the proper length without cutting core strands and crimp securely with a dedicated tool.

Use a torque wrench to tighten screws and bolts accurately to the specified tightening torque—neither too tight nor too loose.

A fuse melts to break the circuit during overcurrent, and grounding (earth) diverts leakage current into the ground to prevent electric shock (never use damaged cords on wet floors).

Key points


  • (× False) Storing electronic components in ordinary plastic bags without wearing a wrist strap for ESD protection is FALSE.

  • (○ True) Crimp terminals with a dedicated crimping tool without cutting core wires, and use a torque wrench to tighten bolts to specified torque.

  • (○ True) Fuses melt on overcurrent to protect circuits, and grounding prevents electric shock during leakage (using a taped damaged wire on a wet floor is FALSE).
WordMeaning
static electricity (ESD)
wrist strap
crimp terminal
torque wrench
grounding (earth)

Electrical and Electronic Assembly

Practice this chapter in the app

Official references