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Machining and Metalworking

Industrial Manufacturing - Machinery and Electronics · 製造分野 · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Machine Tool Characteristics (Lathe, Milling Machine, NC, Machining Center)

A lathe rotates the workpiece while feeding a stationary single-point cutting tool (bite) to cut outer diameters or inner bores.

A milling machine rotates a multi-tooth cutter at high speed while moving the table holding the workpiece to machine flat surfaces and grooves.

An NC (Numerical Control) machine tool automatically controls tool and workpiece movements using a numerical program.

A machining center features an automatic tool changer (ATC) to perform milling, drilling, tapping, and boring on a single machine.

Machine Tool Characteristics (Lathe, Milling Machine, NC, Machining Center)

Key points


  • (○ True) A lathe 'rotates the workpiece against a cutting tool', and an NC machine 'automatically controls movement via numerical programs'.

  • (× False) Saying a milling machine 'rotates the workpiece at high speed against a fixed blade' is FALSE (the cutter rotates).

  • (× False) Saying a machining center lacks automatic tool changing and only performs manual drilling is FALSE.
WordMeaning
lathe
single-point cutting tool (bite)
milling machine
numerical control (NC)
machining center

Cutting Fluid, Chip Removal, Tool Wear, and Deburring

Cutting fluid reduces friction and heat, prevents tool wear, and flushes away chips (water-soluble coolant concentration must be measured and maintained within limits).

Metal chips after lathe machining are sharp and hot; stop the machine first and remove them using a brush or hook, never bare hands.

As a cutting tool wears, the machined surface becomes rough with burrs and abnormal noise; stop the machine safely and inspect or replace the tool.

Sharp 'burrs' left on edges after machining cause injuries and assembly defects, so remove them thoroughly by deburring.

Key points


  • (○ True) Cutting fluid reduces friction/heat and prevents tool wear; water-soluble coolant concentration is measured and kept within specified limits.

  • (○ True) Stop the machine before removing chips with a brush or hook, and thoroughly remove sharp burrs after machining.

  • (× False) Saying a worn cutting tool makes the finished surface mirror-smooth with fewer burrs is FALSE (wear makes the surface rough).
WordMeaning
cutting fluid (coolant)
metal chips (swarf)
tool wear
deburring

Grinding Wheel Replacement and Press Working Safety

After replacing a grinding wheel on a grinder, attach the safety guard and perform a trial run for at least the specified duration to verify safety.

'Press working' places sheet metal between upper and lower dies and applies strong pressure to punch, blank, or bend the metal.

When operating a press machine, always use safety devices (such as two-hand controls or light curtains) without disabling them.

Always stop the press machine completely before placing your hands between the dies.

Key points


  • (○ True) After replacing a grinding wheel, fit the safety cover and run a test operation for the required time or longer.

  • (○ True) Press working shapes sheet metal between dies using strong pressure for punching and bending.

  • (○ True) Never disable press safety devices, and always stop the machine before putting hands between the dies.
WordMeaning
grinding machine (grinder)
grinding wheel
trial run (test run)
press working (stamping)
die (mold)

Casting, Welding Safety, and Heat Treatment of Steel (Quenching)

'Casting' (Chuuzou) melts metal at high temperature and pours it into a mold cavity where it cools and solidifies into shape.

During arc welding, wear a welding shield (helmet) fitted with shaded filter glass to protect your eyes and face from intense arc rays.

Before welding, clear away combustible materials and prepare fire extinguishers within the range of flying sparks to prevent fire.

'Quenching' (Yakiire) heats steel to a high temperature and cools it rapidly in water or oil to harden the steel.

Key points


  • (× False) Defining 'casting' as cutting unmelted metal at room temperature with a blade is FALSE (casting melts metal and pours it into a mold).

  • (× False) Defining 'quenching' (Yakiire) as heating and rapidly cooling steel to make it soft is FALSE (quenching hardens steel).

  • (○ True) Use a welding face shield with shaded glass for arc welding, and remove combustibles and prepare fire extinguishers beforehand.
WordMeaning
casting (foundry)
arc welding
welding face shield
combustible materials
quenching (hardening)

Properties of Metallic Materials (Stainless Steel, Aluminum, Copper)

Stainless steel is a corrosion-resistant alloy steel made by adding chromium and nickel to iron (steel).

By contrast, a yellowish alloy composed mainly of copper and zinc is brass (oudou), not stainless steel.

Aluminum is lighter than iron, conducts heat and electricity well, is non-magnetic, and has a lower melting point than iron.

Copper conducts electricity and heat extremely well (it is a conductor, not an insulator) and is widely used for electrical wires and heat sinks.

Key points


  • (× False) Saying stainless steel is a yellowish alloy of copper and zinc is FALSE (that is brass; stainless steel is rust-resistant iron-chromium alloy).

  • (○ True) Aluminum is lighter than iron and conducts heat and electricity well, but is not attracted to magnets and melts at a lower temperature than iron.

  • (○ True) Copper is not an insulator; because it conducts electricity and heat very well, it is used for wires and heat-dissipating parts.
WordMeaning
stainless steel
aluminum
melting point
copper
heat-dissipating part (heat sink)

Official references