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Laws and Regulations on the Safety of General Electrical Installations

Class 2 Electrician 第二種電気工事士 (written exam) · 第二種電気工事士(学科試験) · Written by Tokutei Pass based on the official study texts; not copied verbatim.

Electricians Act ①: Work That Only a Licensed Electrician May Perform

The Electricians Act (電気工事士法) establishes the qualifications and obligations of persons engaging in electrical construction work in order to prevent disasters caused by defective electrical work. Doing this work without the licence is subject to penalties.

Electrical construction work on General Electrical Installations (such as private homes and small shops) may only be performed by persons holding a First-Class Electrician or Second-Class Electrician license.

Note that construction work on Private Electrical Installations (such as factories and buildings with a maximum power under 500kW) may in principle only be performed by a First-Class Electrician or a Certified Electrical Construction Worker (for the low-voltage portion only).

Representative tasks that only a licensed electrician may perform include: ① Connecting electrical wires to one another; ② Fastening electrical wires directly to building structures (pillars, walls); ③ Installing wires inside conduits, ducts, or raceways (moldings).

Furthermore: ④ Mounting outlet boxes, switchboards, or distribution boards to building structures; ⑤ Bending or joining conduits or passing conduits through building walls/floors; and ⑥ Burying grounding electrodes in the earth all strictly require an electrician's license.

Electricians Act ①: Work That Only a Licensed Electrician May Perform

Key points


  • Electrical work on general electrical installations may only be performed by a First-Class or Second-Class Electrician

  • Splicing wires together, pulling wires into conduits, and mounting boxes or distribution boards require a license

  • Bending, joining, or penetrating walls with conduits and burying grounding electrodes in the ground also require a license
WordMeaning
Electricians Act
General Electrical Installations (homes, small shops, etc.)
Private Electrical Installations (factories, large buildings)
license (official certificate)

Electricians Act ②: Minor Work (6 Categories) and License Obligations

Six categories of low-risk Minor Work (軽微な工事) may be performed by anyone without an electrician's license. This is a top-priority topic tested every single year.

Categories ① to ③ of Minor Work apply to work used at 600V or less: ① Connecting flexible cords or cabtyre cables to attachment plugs/receptacles or screw sockets (note that replacing a flush-mounted wall receptacle itself requires a license).

② Screwing wires (including cords) onto the terminals of electrical equipment (excluding switches/breakers) or storage batteries. ③ Installing or removing watt-hour meters (WHM), current limiters, or fuses.

Categories ④ to ⑥ of Minor Work are: ④ Wiring work for small-power circuits such as intercoms or bells with a maximum voltage of 36V or less; ⑤ Installing poles or crossarms that support wires; and ⑥ Installing underground troughs (culverts) or pipes for underground cables.

An electrician's license is issued by the Prefectural Governor (都道府県知事). An electrician is obligated to carry the license on their person while performing electrical work. Additionally, an application for re-inscription is required when your Name changes, but NO application is required when your Address changes (a classic exam trap).

Key points


  • Connecting cords to plugs/sockets and screwing wires to equipment terminals (excluding switches) at 600V or less require NO license

  • Attaching/removing watt-hour meters or fuses and wiring intercoms/bells at 36V or less also require NO license

  • The license is issued by the Prefectural Governor and must be carried on your person while performing electrical work

  • A Name change requires a license rewrite application, whereas an Address change does NOT require rewriting
WordMeaning
minor work (work not requiring an electrician's license)
Prefectural Governor
obligation to carry one's license while working
application to rewrite/update license details

Electricity Business Act: Definition of General Electrical Installations and Inspection Duties

Under the Electricity Business Act (電気事業法), electrical installations in ordinary homes and small shops are defined as General Electrical Installations (一般用電気工作物). They must receive power at Low Voltage (600V AC or less, 750V DC or less) and have no power lines extending outside the premises.

When small-output power generation equipment is installed on the premises, the limits are: solar power generation under 50kW (10kW to under 50kW is classified as a Small-Scale Business Electrical Installation), wind or hydro power under 20kW, internal combustion engines under 10kW, and a combined total output under 50kW (excluding explosives factories and coal mines).

Owners of general electrical installations are not required to appoint a Chief Electrical Engineer. Instead, the electricity supplier (general transmission and distribution utility, etc.) or a Registered Inspection Body (such as an Electrical Safety Inspection Association) is obligated to inspect whether the installation conforms to technical standards.

This periodic inspection is conducted upon completion of installation or modification and, in principle, at least once every 4 years (or once every 1 or 5 years depending on conditions). Furthermore, operating an electrical construction business requires registration under the Electrical Construction Business Act and the appointment of a Chief Electrician (a Second-Class Electrician with at least 3 years of practical experience, or a First-Class Electrician).

Electricity Business Act: Definition of General Electrical Installations and Inspection Duties

Key points


  • General electrical installations receive power at Low Voltage (600V AC or less, 750V DC or less) in homes, shops, etc.

  • Small-output generation limits: solar under 50kW, wind under 20kW, internal combustion under 10kW (total under 50kW)

  • Inspections of general electrical installations are performed by the power utility or registered body at least once every 4 years in principle

  • Becoming a Chief Electrician for a contractor requires at least 3 years of practical experience after obtaining a Second-Class license (or a First-Class license)
WordMeaning
Electricity Business Act
small-output power generation equipment
registered inspection body
Chief Electrician (supervising electrician at a contractor)

Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act (PSE Mark): Specified vs. Non-Specified

The Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act (電気用品安全法) prevents fires and electric shocks caused by substandard electrical products. Regulated products must display the PSE mark, and electricians are strictly prohibited from using regulated electrical materials that lack the PSE mark in construction work.

Regulated items are divided into two categories. Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials (特定電気用品), which pose higher risks and require conformity inspection by a third-party body, bear the diamond-shaped PSE mark <PS>E.

Representative Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials (diamond <PS>E) include: ① Wires and cables (IV and HIV wires; VVF, VVR, and CV cables with a cross-section of 22mm² or less; vinyl cords; cabtyre cables); and ② Fuses (cartridge fuses, wiring fuses).

Furthermore: ③ Wiring devices and circuit breakers rated at 100A or less (tumbler switches, time switches, receptacles, push-in connectors, molded-case circuit breakers, earth leakage breakers); and ④ Small single-phase transformers (bell and remote-control transformers) are all Specified items (diamond <PS>E).

Conversely, Non-Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials carry the round PSE mark (PS)E. Representative examples include: ① Conduits and boxes (metal conduits, VE, PF, and CD conduits, outlet boxes); ② Covered knife switches and electromagnetic contactors; ③ Ventilating fans, LED lamps, fluorescent lamps, three-phase induction motors, and power capacitors (note: ring sleeves are outside the scope of the PSE Act and carry the JIS mark instead).

Key points


  • Specified items carry the diamond <PS>E mark; Non-Specified items carry the round (PS)E mark

  • Diamond <PS>E (Specified): wires, cables (22mm² or less), cords, fuses, switches, outlets, push-in connectors, MCCBs, and ELBs

  • Round (PS)E (Non-Specified): conduits (metal, VE, PF), boxes, covered knife switches, ventilating fans, LED lights, and motors

  • Electricians must never use regulated electrical materials lacking the required PSE mark in electrical construction
WordMeaning
Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act (PSE Act)
Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials (diamond <PS>E)
conformity assessment / inspection

Ministerial Ordinance on Technical Standards for Electrical Equipment (Voltage Classes & Safety)

The Ministerial Ordinance on Technical Standards for Electrical Equipment (電技省令) classifies voltages into three categories: Low Voltage (低圧), High Voltage (高圧), and Extra-High Voltage (特別高圧).

Low Voltage is 750V or less for DC, and 600V or less for AC. High Voltage exceeds Low Voltage up to 7,000V or less (for both AC and DC). Extra-High Voltage exceeds 7,000V. The fact that DC Low Voltage extends up to 750V while AC is 600V is a frequent exam question.

As fundamental safety principles: ① Wires and electrical equipment must be installed so that they pose no risk of danger to persons under normal operating conditions.

② Overcurrent circuit breakers (such as fuses or single-pole breakers) must never under any circumstances be installed in the neutral wire (white wire of a single-phase 3-wire circuit) or the grounding wire (because an open neutral applies 200V across 100V appliances and burns them out).

③ On transformers coupling a High-Voltage (or Extra-High-Voltage) circuit with a Low-Voltage circuit, Class B grounding work must be applied to the neutral point (or one terminal) on the low-voltage side to prevent danger from high/low-voltage contact.

Key points


  • Low Voltage: 750V DC or less, 600V AC or less; High Voltage: over Low Voltage up to 7,000V; Extra-High Voltage: over 7,000V

  • Never install overcurrent breakers (fuses, etc.) in a neutral wire or grounding wire

  • Apply Class B grounding to the low-voltage side of a transformer to prevent danger from high-to-low voltage contact
WordMeaning
Low Voltage (<= 750V DC, <= 600V AC)
High Voltage (above Low Voltage up to <= 7,000V)
Extra-High Voltage (above 7,000V)
contact / fault between higher and lower voltage circuits

Exam Guide for Foreign Examinees: Paper Exam vs. CBT and Applying for Furigana (Ruby)

The Second-Class Electrician written exam is held twice a year (first half and second half), and examinees can choose between the computer-based CBT format and the paper-and-mark-sheet Written (Paper) format (筆記方式).

Here is the most important piece of information for foreign examinees: the Electrical Engineers Examination Center (ECTC) offers Special Assistance (援助措置 - ルビ対応) that provides a question booklet with furigana (phonetic ruby readings) printed above every single kanji character for foreign examinees who find reading kanji difficult.

However, due to system display limitations, furigana CANNOT be displayed on the computer screen in the CBT format. Therefore, if you wish to take the exam with full furigana readings, do not switch to CBT when applying online—you must select the paper-based Written format (筆記方式).

By submitting the Special Assistance Application (Ruby Support / 援助措置申請・ルビ対応) through My Page on the Examination Center website during the application window, you will receive a full-furigana question booklet on exam day. Furthermore, once you pass the written exam, even if you fail the practical skill exam in that session, you are exempt from the written exam in the next session and can retry from the practical exam.

Key points


  • The written exam offers two formats: computer-based CBT (CBT方式) and paper-based Written format (筆記方式)

  • Because the CBT format cannot display furigana on kanji, examinees who want furigana must select the paper Written format (筆記方式)

  • Applying for Special Assistance (Ruby support / 援助措置申請) on My Page provides a question booklet with furigana on all kanji

  • Passing the written exam grants an exemption from the written exam in the next session if you fail the practical exam
WordMeaning
paper-based written exam format
Computer-Based Testing (CBT) format
application for special assistance (furigana/ruby booklet request)
written exam exemption (for the following exam session)

Frequent Exam Points and Memory Tricks

Law and regulation questions (4 to 5 questions every year) require the least memorization and are the easiest place to score full marks. For Minor Work (no license needed), just memorize five patterns: ① Connecting cords to plugs/sockets, ② Screwing wires to equipment terminals (except switches), ③ Attaching/removing watt-hour meters or fuses, ④ Wiring bells/intercoms at 36V or less, and ⑤ Setting poles or underground troughs; everything else—splicing wires together, mounting boxes, burying ground electrodes—requires a license.

To distinguish PSE marks instantly: Core current-carrying parts that easily generate heat—Wires, cables, cords, fuses, switches, outlets, breakers, and push-in connectors—are Specified items with the diamond <PS>E mark; whereas enclosures and appliances—Conduits (VE, PF, metal), boxes, covered knife switches, fans, motors, and capacitors—are Non-Specified items with the round (PS)E mark.

For license rules, lock in: Issued by the Prefectural Governor, carry while working, Name change requires rewrite, Address change does NOT require rewrite; and Low Voltage is 750V DC or less, 600V AC or less.

Key points


  • No license needed (Minor Work): connecting cords to plugs, screwing wires to terminals, attaching/removing WHM or fuses, wiring <= 36V

  • License rules: issued by Prefectural Governor, must carry while working, Name change requires rewrite, Address change does NOT

  • Diamond <PS>E (Specified): IV wires, VVF cables (<= 22mm²), cords, fuses, switches, outlets, breakers, push-in connectors

  • Round (PS)E (Non-Specified): conduits (metal, VE, PF), boxes, covered knife switches, ventilating fans, LEDs, motors

  • Low Voltage definition: <= 750V DC, <= 600V AC (general installations allow solar < 50kW, wind < 20kW)
WordMeaning
diamond PSE mark <PS>E (Specified items)
round PSE mark (PS)E (Non-Specified items)
change of address (does not require rewriting the license)

Electrical Safety Laws

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Official references

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